Table 3 Prevalence of Helicobacter species and virulence genes during infection with Opisthorchis viverrini, and relationships with status (grade) of hepatobiliary disease as established by abdominal ultrasonography for degree of periportal echoes.
Helicobacter | Grade 0 + 1 (n = 241) | Grade + 2 (n = 36) | Grade + 3 (n = 16) |
|---|---|---|---|
16 S rRNA Helicobacter species | 179 (74·3%) | 30 (83·3%) | 13 (81·3%) |
RRR | 1 | 1·62 | 1·63 |
95% CI | — | 0·64–4·11 | 0·43–6·24 |
P | — | 0·307 | 0·476 |
ure A H. pylori | 153 (90%) | 28 (90·32%) | 8 (100%) |
RRR | 1 | 1·03 | NA |
95% CI | — | 0·28–3·75 | NA |
P | — | 0·969 | 0·991 |
cag A | 39 (25·32%) | 16 (53·33%) | 6 (75%) |
RRR | 1 | 3·38 | 9·15 |
95% CI | — | 1·51–7·58 | 1·75–47·97 |
P | — | 0·003 | 0·009 |
cag E | 26 (61·9%) | 7 (43·75%) | 5 (83·33%) |
RRR | 1 | 0·44 | 3·30 |
95% CI | — | 0·13–1·52 | 0·33–32·89 |
P | — | 0·195 | 0·311 |
cag A + cag E | 21 (8·71%) | 5 (13·89%) | 5 (31·25%) |
RRR | 1 | 1·69 | 4·96 |
95% CI | — | 0·59–4·83 | 1·50–16·35 |
P | — | 0·331 | 0·009 |
H. bilis | 64 (35·75%) | 14 (45·16%) | 7 (53·85%) |
RRR | 1 | 1·48 | 2·15 |
95% CI | — | 0·68–3·21 | 0·68–6·75 |
P | — | 0·319 | 0·191 |
H. hepaticus | 12 (7·23%) | 2 (7·41%) | 1 (9·09%) |
RRR | 1 | 1·20 | 1·09 |
95% CI | — | 0·25–5·82 | 0·12–9·70 |
P | — | 0·823 | 0·937 |
H. pylori + H. bilis | 59 (24·38%) | 14 (38·89%) | 6 (37·50%) |
RRR | 1 | 1·95 | 1·96 |
95% CI | — | 0·93–4·06 | 0·66–5·79 |
P | — | 0·076 | 0·223 |
