Table 4 Clinical criteria and case definitions by PCR assay result for mild-ARI and severe-ARI.

From: Detection of viral respiratory pathogens in mild and severe acute respiratory infections in Singapore

 

Symptoms/Case definitions

Total

Viruses a

P value

Influenza viruses (%)

Non-influenza viruses (%)

Negative (%)

Mild-ARI b

 

N = 195

n = 75

n = 60

n = 60

 

Cough

170 (87.2)

67 (89.3)

54 (90.0)

49 (81.7)

0.347

Sore throat

150 (76.9)

50 (66.7)

51 (85.0)

49 (81.7)

0.027

Breathlessness

18 (9.2)

5 (6.7)

9 (15.0)

4 (6.7)

0.216

Runny nose

149 (76.4)

41 (54.7)

55 (91.7)

53(88.3)

<0.001

T ≥ 37.5 °C

79 (40.5)

60 (80.0)

11 (18.3)

8 (13.3)

<0.001

T ≥ 37.8 °C

62 (31.8)

50 (66.7)

7 (11.7)

5 (8.3)

<0.001

T ≥ 38.0 °C

51 (26.2)

41 (54.7)

6 (10.0)

4 (6.7)

<0.001

FRI d

109 (55.9)

70 (93.3)

22 (36.7)

17 (28.3)

<0.001

ILI-U e

61 (31.3)

49 (65.3)

7 (11.7)

5 (8.3)

<0.001

ILI-W f

46 (23.6)

36 (48.0)

6 (10.0)

4 (6.7)

<0.001

Severe-ARI c

 

N = 203

n = 109

n = 19

n = 75

 

Cough

200 (98.5)

107 (98.2)

19 (100.0)

74 (98.7)

1.000

Sore throat

98 (48.3)

52 (47.7)

11 (57.9)

35 (46.7)

0.711

Breathlessness

105 (51.7)

50 (45.9)

11 (57.9)

44 (58.7)

0.220

Runny nose

113 (55.7)

55 (50.5)

12 (63.2)

46 (61.3)

0.287

T ≥ 37.5 °C

118 (58.1)

79 (72.5)

11 (57.9)

28 (37.3)

<0.001

T ≥ 37.8 °C

112 (55.2)

76 (69.7)

10 (52.6)

26 (34.7)

<0.001

T ≥ 38.0 °C

104 (51.2)

72 (66.1)

9 (47.4)

23 (30.7)

<0.001

FRI

170 (83.7)

100 (91.7)

14 (73.7)

56 (74.7)

0.003

ILI-U

110 (54.2)

74 (67.9)

10 (52.6)

26 (34.7)

<0.001

ILI-W

88 (43.3)

64 (58.7)

6 (31.6)

18 (24.0)

<0.001

  1. aDoes not include results from PathChip as this assay is not expected to be routinely available.
  2. bCombines the community-ARI and the historical-FLU with public health indications
  3. cCombines the inpatient-ARI and the historical-FLU with medical indications
  4. dFRI: ARI with self-reported fever, regardless of body temperature (T) measurement
  5. eILI-U: ILI as defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States of America, i.e. fever ≥37.8 °C together with cough and ⁄or sore throat in the absence of a known cause other than influenza.
  6. fILI-W: ILI as defined by World Health Organization, i.e. fever of ≥38 °Cplus cough with onset within the last 10 days.
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