Figure 7

(a) Schematic diagram of PSC device fabricated using rGO/PANI-Ru as an electron donor, (b) Energy level diagram of rGO/PANI-Ru in PSC, (c) current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics of PSC device using PANI-Ru and rGO/PANI-Ru nanocomposites as an electron donor and (d and e) Tapping mode AFM image of PANI-Ru:PCBM and rGO/PANI-Ru:PCBM films.