Figure 5: CFD simulations of a CF filled epoxy ink flow through a standard 10cc DIW syringe body and 250 μm cylindrical extrusion tip at 2 simulated print speeds, 5 mm/min extrusion (top) and 15 mm/min (bottom), with an inlet velocity selected such that the outlet (average) velocity matches the head speed.

The viscosity model which the fluid is based on is derived from the experimental rheology data obtained for the 8 vol.% AMCFRC ink.