Figure 3: HDL3 of low-BMI RRMS patients does not suppress inflammation-induced gene expression of TNFα, CD40, IL1β, and IFNγ.

Human monocytes from healthy donors were isolated from fresh blood samples. Monocytes of HC were pre-incubated with pooled HDL3 (60 mg/dl) isolated from low-BMI control subjects (n = 8) or low-BMI RRMS patients (n = 9) in low serum culture medium for four days followed by an overnight LPS (100 ng/ml) stimulus. Monocyte gene expression was measured using qPCR. Results are expressed as fold change of control LPS conditions without HDL3. HC = healthy controls; RRMS = relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; LPS = lipopolysaccharide. *P < 0.05, †versus control LPS ( = 1) (†P < 0.05, ††P < 0.01).