Table 1 Descriptive data of study variables in childhood and adulthood by race and gender.

From: Long-term Impact of Temporal Sequence from Childhood Obesity to Hyperinsulinemia on Adult Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes: The Bogalusa Heart Study

 

Whites (N = 609)

Blacks (N = 339)

P-valuesa

Males

Females

Males

Females

Males

Females

N

246

363

125

214

  

Baseline in Childhood

 Age (year)

10·6 (3·1)

10·5 (3·1)

10·3 (3·4)

10·3 (3·1)

0·465

0·525

 BMI (kg/m2)

18·5 (3·9)

18·5 (4·1)

18·2 (3·9)

18·7 (4·3)

0·383

0·524

 Insulin (μU/mL)

10·1 (10·0)

11·1 (8·6)

10·1 (8·7)*

12·5 (7·9)

0·988

0·064

Follow-up in Childhood

 Age (year)

15·8 (2·3)

15·8 (2·4)

16·1 (2·3)

15·9 (2·5)

0·282

0·560

 BMI (kg/m2)

22·4 (4·7)

22·1 (4·9)

22·9 (5·3)

23·8 (6·0)

0·341

<0·001

 Insulin (μU/mL)

11·0 (6·2)

11·6 (7·4)

11·4 (7·5)**

14·5 (11·3)

0·556

<0·001

Adulthood

 Age (year)

31·7 (7·2)*

30·4 (7·6)

29·3 (7·8)

29·5 (7·3)

0·002

0·157

 Follow-up yearsb

15·9 (6·5)*

14·6 (6·9)

13·2 (7·2)

13·6 (7·0)

<0·001

0·084

 BMI (kg/m2)

29·1 (6·4)*

27·6 (7·8)

28·6 (7·0)**

31·2 (8·8)

0·457

<0·001

 Insulin (μU/mL)

12·5 (9·8)

11·4 (7·4)

12·3 (9·5)*

15·0 (10·0)

0·851

<0·001

 WC (cm)

98·0 (17·3)**

85·5 (18·2)

91·8 (18·0)

92·6 (19·4)

0·001

<0·001

 Systolic BP (mmHg)c

115·9 (10·5)**

107·4 (9·3)

121·2 (16·1)**

111·4 (12·0)

<0·001

<0·001

 Diastolic BP (mmHg)c

78·2 (8·4)**

72·9 (7·9)

78·7 (13·1)**

73·8 (9·9)

0·693

0·213

 HDL-C (mg/dL)c

41·5 (10·2)**

48·6 (12·5)

51·5 (16·2)

51·5 (13·1)

<0·001

0·011

 Triglycerides (mg/dL)c

145·7 (110·4)**

110·8 (63·4)

107·0 (79·1)**

79·2 (36·2)

0·001

<0·001

 Glucose (mg/dL)c

85·3 (10·6)**

81·5 (9·5)

89·0 (27·5)*

83·8 (17·9)

0·063

0·055

 MetS, n (%)

61 (24·8)

69 (19·0)

25 (20·0)

33 (15·4)

0·366

0·328

 IFG, n (%)

17 (7·1)

13 (3·7)

8 (6·9)

9 (4·4)

1·000

0·833

 T2DM, n (%)

6 (2·6)

10 (2·9)

9 (7·7)

11 (5·4)

0·056

0·206

  1. Continuous variables are presents as means (SD).
  2. BMI = body mass index; WC = Waist circumference; BP = blood pressure; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MetS = metabolic syndrome; IFG = impaired fasting glucose; T2DM = type 2 diabetes.
  3. aP-values for race difference in continuous metabolic variables adjusted for age.
  4. bFollow-up period from the time point of the last childhood survey.
  5. cIndividuals who took medications were excluded.
  6. Gender difference within race: *p < 0·05; **p < 0·01.
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