Figure 3: The origins and evolutionary pathways of predicted major ACs of HPAI H5N1 virus.

(a) The tMRCA for major ACs (encircled) and their phylogenetic relationship, as inferred from Fig. 2b. (b) The most probable source country for each major AC. The map was reconstructed using OpenStreetMap (http://www.openstreetmap.org/), licensed on terms of the Open Database License, “ODbL” 1.0 (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/), and is for illustrative purposes only.