Table 1 Baseline demographic and laboratory data and histopathology of acute tubular necrosis patients with and without recovery of renal function during the follow-up period.

From: Tubular Peroxiredoxin 3 as a Predictor of Renal Recovery from Acute Tubular Necrosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

 

Recovery a (n = 33)

Non-recovery (n = 21)

P value b

Demographics

Age (years)

53.7 ± 20.5

51.5 ± 17.1

0.53 b

Male (n (%))

22 (66.7)

13 (61.9)

0.72 c

Diabetes mellitus (n (%))

6 (18.2)

9 (42.9)

0.048 c

Hypertension (n (%))

5 (15.2)

10 (47.6)

0.01 c

Heart failure (n (%))

1 (3.0)

2 (9.5)

0.55 d

Underlying renal disease

  

0.04 d

 Nil (n (%))

14 (42.4)

3 (14.3)

 

 Diabetic nephropathy (n (%))

2 (6.1)

4 (19.0)

 

 Hypertensive nephrosclerosis (n (%))

3 (9.1)

2 (9.5)

 

 Glomerulonephritis (n (%))

10 (30.3)

12 (57.1)

 

 Tubulointerstitial disease (n (%))

4 (12.1)

0 (0)

 

Severity of AKI

  

0.50 c

 KDIGO stage 1 (n (%))

6 (18.2)

6 (28.6)

 

 KDIGO stage 2 or 3 (n (%))

27 (81.8)

15 (71.4)

 

Laboratory data

Baseline serum creatinine (mg/dl)

1.0 (0.8–1.4)

2.1 (1.3–3.3)

0.002 b

Baseline eGFR (CKD-EPI) (ml/min/1.73 m2)

69.2 (50.4–92.5)

27.1 (18.3–68.6)

0.006 b

Urinary PCR (mg/g)

100.0 (56.5–1592.0)

1126.0 (355.1–9957.2)

0.004 b

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

10.8 ± 2.4

9.0 ± 2.2

0.005 b

Serum albumin (g/dl)

2.6 ± 0.7

2.7 ± 0.8

0.68 b

Serum cholesterol (mg/dl)

159.0 (119.0–222.0)

224.0 (157.5–276.5)

0.13 b

Serum triglyceride (mg/dl)

154.0 ± 101.7

208.6 ± 114.4

0.11 b

Serum sodium (mmol/l)

135.8 ± 5.9

135.0 ± 5.3

0.53 b

Serum potassium (mmol/l)

4.0 ± 0.8

4.0 ± 1.1

0.77 b

Serum phosphorous (mg/dl)

5.1 ± 2.4

6.7 ± 3.4

0.18 b

Histopathology

Tubular injury score

2.2 ± 1.2

2.6 ± 1.3

0.30 b

Tubular atrophy (%)

4.3 ± 6.4

16.6 ± 15.4

<0.001 b

Interstitial inflammation score

0.9 ± 0.5

1.2 ± 0.8

0.21 b

Interstitial fibrosis (%)

7.8 ± 5.3

11.5 ± 9.4

0.24 b

Medications

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-II receptor blocker (n (%))

5 (17.2)

6 (28.6)

0.49 c

Immunosuppressants (n (%))

9 (27.3)

7 (33.3)

0.76 c

 Corticosteroid (n (%))

7 (24.1)

7 (33.3)

 

 Cyclophosphamide (n (%))

1 (3.4)

1 (4.8)

 

 Azathioprine (n (%))

2 (6.9)

1 (4.8)

 

 Calcineurin inhibitor (n (%))

1 (3.4)

0 (0)

 

 Chlorambucil (n (%))

0 (0)

1 (4.8)

 
  1. aIncludes complete recoveries and partial recoveries.
  2. bMann-Whitney U test.
  3. cPearson’s chi-squared test.
  4. dFisher’s exact test.
  5. Data are expressed as n (%) for categorical data and as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) for continuous data. AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; KDIGO, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; PCR, protein-to-creatinine ratio.
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