Table 1 Results of ANOVA on the effects of GABA (G) and NaCl concentration (N) on maize seedling growth, cell membrane permeability, GABA synthase activity, osmoprotectants, antioxidants and photosynthesis.

From: γ-Aminobutyric Acid Imparts Partial Protection from Salt Stress Injury to Maize Seedlings by Improving Photosynthesis and Upregulating Osmoprotectants and Antioxidants

Effect

G

N

G × N

Error

Total variation

df

1

2

2

12

17

Plant height

6.26*

29.59**

0.45ns

  

Leaf area per plant

9.16*

24.25**

0.66ns

  

Leaf fresh weight per plant

9.69**

34.71**

0.72ns

  

Leaf dry weight per plant

7.62*

19.78**

0.85ns

  

Membrane damage

4.92*

8.96**

2.31ns

  

SPAD value

4.76*

29.26**

0.53ns

  

Relative leaf water content

9.97**

134.55**

6.72*

  

Cellular reduction ability

8.82*

22.40**

0.99ns

  

GAD

2283**

618**

170**

  

SOD

65.74**

2209.79**

13.87**

  

POD

20.90**

119.77**

7.32**

  

CAT

13.64**

98.10**

7.22**

  

APX

49.31**

258.91**

15.92**

  

Proline

75.66**

169.04**

5.88*

  

Soluble sugar

41.16**

247.84**

4.92*

  

MDA

7.99*

134.89**

1.95ns

  

Superoxide anion

31.70**

428.38**

10.66**

  

Pn

22.93**

71.62**

0.29ns

  

Trmmol

3.00ns

15.52**

0.05ns

  

Ci

10.97**

124.09**

1.60ns

  

Gs

21.33**

50.08**

2.53ns

  

F0

27.78**

372.65**

11.94**

  

Fm

12.30**

107.27**

0.64ns

  

Fv/Fm

25.20**

201.46**

4.80*

  

ETR

5.59*

69.07**

0.54ns

  
  1. ns denotes non-significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.