Figure 1: Hepatic inflow occlusion and reflow induced hepatic IRF-1 up-regulation and hepatic damage.

(a) Representative histopathological images of livers after exposure to different times of reperfusion (2, 6, 12, or 24 h). H&E staining. Red arrows indicate typical changes of vacuolation (V), sinusoidal congestion (C) and hepatocyte necrosis (N). (b,c) Apoptosis as assessed by TUNEL assay in livers as described in (a). (d) Western blot analysis of IRF-1 levels in livers treated as described in (a). (e) The serum ALT levels were significantly increased in mice after exposure to IR as compared with the sham group. (f) Relative expression of IRF-1 mRNA in livers as determined using qRT-PCR and expressed as fold change over that of the sham group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001.