Table 2 PSQI component scores and total score in all participants and by gender.

From: Gender and Regional Differences in Sleep Quality and Insomnia: A General Population-based Study in Hunan Province of China

Variables

Total (n = 25,827)

Male (n = 13,674)

Female (n = 12,153)

P *

Subjective sleep quality, M ± SD

0.82 ± 0.65

0.8 ± 0.65

0.84 ± 0.65

<0.001

Sleep latency, M ± SD

0.77 ± 0.73

0.74 ± 0.72

0.80 ± 0.74

<0.001

 ≤15 min, %

38.60

40.50

36.30

—

 16–30 min, %

48.20

47.00

49.50

—

 31–60 min, %

11.00

10.40

11.60

—

 >60 min, %

2.30

2.00

2.50

—

Sleep duration, M ± SD

0.58 ± 0.78

0.62 ± 0.79

0.54 ± 0.76

<0.001

 >7 h, %

58.10

55.90

60.60

—

 5–7 h, %

40.40

42.50

38.10

—

 <5 h, %

1.50

1.60

1.30

—

Sleep time (minute)

454.75 ± 77.30

451.61 ± 78.38

458.39 ± 75.94

<0.001

Habitual sleep efficiency* , M ± SD

0.33 ± 0.73

0.32 ± 0.72

0.35 ± 0.73

<0.001

 ≥85%, %

78.60

79.70

77.30

—

 75–84%, %

13.30

12.40

14.30

—

 65–74%, %

4.60

4.30

4.80

—

 <65%, %

3.60

3.50

3.60

—

Sleep disturbance, M ± SD

0.77 ± 0.55

0.76 ± 0.55

0.79 ± 0.55

<0.001

Need for sleep medications, M ± SD

0.11 ± 0.38

0.11 ± 0.38

0.11 ± 0.39

0.437

Not during the past month, %

91.30

91.40

91.20

—

Less than once a week, %

6.90

6.70

7.10

—

Once or twice a week, %

1.40

1.50

1.30

—

≥3 times a week, %

0.40

0.40

0.40

—

Daytime dysfunction, M ± SD

0.88 ± 0.84

0.88 ± 0.84

0.89 ± 0.83

0.220

PSQI total score, M ± SD

4.26 ± 2.67

4.21 ± 2.64

4.32 ± 2.70

0.003

Insomnia (PSQI > 5), %

26.60

26.30

27.00

0.232

  1. M: mean; SD: standard deviation; n: number; %: the percentage of subjects. PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
  2. *P value, test for the difference by gender.
  3. Score ranges from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating poorer functioning. Habitual sleep efficiency* = total hours of sleep/(get-up time−bedtime) × 100%.
  4. Good sleepers was defined as PSQI < 5.
Back to article page