Table 3 Post-hoc test (Student’s t) of total brightness and chromaUV between live birds and skin specimens after two-way ANOVA test (Supplementary Table S1).

From: Himalayan black bulbuls (Hypsipetes leucocephalus niggerimus) exhibit sexual dichromatism under ultraviolet light that is invisible to the human eye

(a) Total brightness

Parts

Item

Mean* ± SE

Lower CL Difference

Upper CL Difference

Breast

Live

3.49 ± 0.08

0.24

1.00

Skin

2.87 ± 0.17

Scapular

Live

6.61 ± 0.19

0.41

2.11

Skin

5.36 ± 0.38

Tail

Live

4.23 ± 0.10

−1.44

−0.55

Skin

5.22 ± 0.20

(b) ChromaUV

Back

Live

24.13 ± 0.19

1.57

3.29

Skin

21.70 ± 0.39

Belly

Live

23.13 ± 0.18

0.60

2.26

Skin

21.70 ± 0.38

Nape

Live

24.03 ± 0.23

2.19

4.20

Skin

20.83 ± 0.45

Breast

Live

24.10 ± 0.20

2.09

3.93

Skin

21.09 ± 0.42

Forehead

Live

23.39 ± 0.24

1.71

3.81

Skin

20.63 ± 0.48

Remige

Live

22.99 ± 0.17

0.07

1.64

Skin

22.13 ± 0.36

Scapula

Live

23.95 ± 0.16

0.95

2.36

Skin

22.30 ± 0.32

Tail

Live

25.79 ± 0.16

0.41

1.87

Skin

24.65 ± 0.33

  1. *Least Square Mean, unit = %.
  2. The Upper CL Difference and Lower CL Difference are the 95% confidence intervals for μ1 (Meanlive) - μ2 (Meanskin).
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