Figure 1: Raffinose activates transcriptional function of LXRα. | Scientific Reports

Figure 1: Raffinose activates transcriptional function of LXRα.

From: The trisaccharide raffinose modulates epidermal differentiation through activation of liver X receptor

Figure 1

(a) Chemical structure of isomaltotriose (I), raffinose (Raf), stachyose (S), and verbascose (V). (b) CV-1 cells were transfected with LXRE-Luc and expression vector for LXRα or LXRβ, and then treated with the indicated oligosaccharide or TO901317 (T17) at 1 μM for 24 h. (c) CV-1 cells were transfected with Gal4-tk-Luc and pGal4-LXRα or pGal4-LXRβ, and then treated with the indicated concentration of raffinose for 24 h. (d) HaCaT cells were transfected with LXRE-Luc and then treated with vehicle or the indicated concentration of raffinose for 24 h. (e) HaCaT cells were transfected with LXRE-Luc together with siGFP control, siLXRα, or siLXRβ. After 24 h of transfection, the cells were treated with 1 μM raffinose or 1 μM TO901317 for 24 h. The β-galactosidase activity was used to normalize luciferase activity. Data represent the means ± SEM of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 compared with vehicle.

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