Table 1 Summary of significant and dose-dependent cytokine responses mediated by NAP treatment.

From: Nucleic acid-based polymers effective against hepatitis B Virus infection in patients don’t harbor immunostimulatory properties in primary isolated liver cells

Cell Type

NAP [5 μM]

Cytokine gene induction

Cytokine secretion

TNF

IL6

IL10

INFA4

INFB1

INFG

INFL2

TNF

IL6

IL10

INFA4

INFB1

INFG

INFL2

PHH

REP 2006

         

≤4

    

REP 2055

              

REP 2139

              

REP 2165

              

KC

REP 2006

≤4

  

≤6

  

≤6

       

REP 2055

≤2

      

≤8

      

REP 2139

              

REP 2165

             

≥8*

LSEC

REP 2006

       

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

REP 2055

       

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

REP 2139

       

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

REP 2165

       

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

PMBC

REP 2006

≤4

≤8

     

≤4

      

REP 2055

≤2

      

≤6#

      

REP 2139

≤8

≤8

     

≤4#

 

≤4#

    

REP 2165

≤6

≤8

            
  1. Gene expression and protein secretion of cytokines was analyzed in primary human hepatocytes (PHH), Kupffer cells (KC), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) exposure to indicated NAPs [5 μM]. Numbers indicate statistically significant and dose-related fold induction in cytokine gene expression (left, 6 h exposure) or cytokine secretion (right, 24 h exposure) relative to untreated cells. #, significant increase was only determined for 50 μM high dose treatment; *, not considered biologically relevant (see discussion); n.e., not evaluated.
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