Figure 1: Histamine expression and HDC-expressing CD11b+ myeloid cells in patients and a murine model with heart failure.

(a) The serum histamine levels in heart failure patients and healthy control subjects (Control: 1.22 ± 0.82 ng/ml, heart failure: 2.39 ± 1.30 ng/ml; n = 10–16). (b) The higher serum histamine levels in MI mice than the sham group (Sham: 80.51 ± 11.77 ng/ml, MI 3d: 243.80 ± 38.03 ng/ml, MI 7d: 155.70 ± 15.98 ng/ml, MI 4w: 137.5 ± 19.42 ng/ml; n = 6–8). (c) Representative images of infarcted hearts showed that a large amount of HDC-expressing CD11b+ myeloid cells infiltrated in the hearts of HDC-EGFP mice at MI 3d, MI 7d, and MI 4w compared with the sham group (scale bar = 50 μm; n = 3–5). (d,e) The percentages of EGFP+ cells were analyzed by FACS in the infarcted hearts (d) and peripheral blood (e) of mice at 4 weeks post-MI. FSC indicates Forward Scattering. (n = 6–8). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.