Figure 7: Combinatorial treatments with Cpd9 and ion channel modulators and their effects on insulin secretion in RIN-5AH cells.

(a) Single compound treatments with ion channel modulators and MEK inhibitors. DMSO treatment was taken as a reference for calculating the significance. (b) Combination of compound 9 (5 μM) with KATP opener drug, diazoxide (DAO, 10;50,100 μM), (c) with L-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor, verapamil (VER, 1;10;100 μM) and nifedipine (NFD, 10μM), (d) with L-/T-type channel inhibitor efonidipine (EFD, 1 μM;10 μM), (e) with MEK inhibitors, U0126 (U0, 10μM) and PD184352 (PD, 10 μM) and (f) with CAMKII inhibitor KN-62 (10 μM). For (b–f) the significance is displayed taking Cpd9 treatment as the reference. (n = 4; SEM; 1-way ANOVA; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001).