Figure 2: TPPPS interferes with viral adsorption to DF-1 cells.

DF-1 monolayers were infected with 104.75 TCID50 of ALV-J in the absence (A) or presence (B) of TPPPS treatment (50 μg/mL). At 4 h post-infection, the cells were centrifuged and fixed to prepare ultrathin sections, and the virions in cells were imaged via TEM (30000×). The virions on the cell membrane surface were denoted by black circles and those in the endosomes were denoted by black arrowheads. The purified ALV-J (C) and the mixture of ALV-J and TPPPS (D) were imaged via TEM after negative staining (60000×). The virions were denoted by black arrowheads.