Table 1 Sociodemographic, clinical and head motion by group.

From: Discriminating cognitive status in Parkinson’s disease through functional connectomics and machine learning

 

HC (n = 38)

PD-nonMCI (n = 43)

PD-MCI (n = 27)

stat/p

Age

63.3(10.3)

63.6(9.5)

66.5(11.1)

0.915/0.404

Sex (female)

17

19

10

0.457χ/0.796

Years of education

11.5(4.5)

11.9(5.2)

10.0(5.5)

1.277/0.283

Hand dominance (right)

36

41

27

1.406χ/0.495

UPDRS

—

14.6(7.2)

16.8(11.0)

0.931†/0.358

HY (1:1.5:2:2.5:3)

—

11:5:22:3:2

4:0:15:3:5

7.618χ /0.107

Disease duration

—

5.9(4.0)

10.1(7.2)

2.797†/0.008

LEDD

—

646.7(434.2)

950.7(555.2)

2.558†/0.013

MMSE

29.7(0.5)

29.4(0.7)

28.6(1.5)

14.946‡/0.001

Mean attention/working memory

0.06(0.75)

0.13(0.68)

0.31(0.75)

1.016/0.366

Mean executive function

0.04(0.64)

−0.02(0.65)

−1.69(1.80)

26.253/< 0.001

Mean memory

−0.01(0.56)

−0.06(1.04)

−0.91(0.86)

24.150/< 0.001

Mean VS/VP

−0.02(0.8)

−0.23(0.62)

−1.53(1.05)

15.034/< 0.001

Head rotation (degrees)

0.03(0.01)

0.04(0.02)

0.04(0.02)

6.775/0.002

Head translation (mm)

0.08(0.04)

0.08(0.04)

0.08(0.03)

0.090/0.914

  1. HC: healthy controls; PD-nonMCI: Parkinson’s disease patients without mild cognitive impairment; PD-MCI: Parkinson’s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment. UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale, motor section; HY: Hoehn and Yahr scale; Disease duration: duration of motor symptoms, in years; LEDD: levodopa equivalent daily dose, in mg; MMSE: mini-mental state examination; VS/VP: visuospatial/visuoperceptual score. Head motion parameters refer to mean interframe values. Test stats refer to F, Student’s t (†), Pearson’s chi-square (χ), or Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared (‡). Head motion parameters refer to mean interframe values. Post-hoc tests showed that MMSE, mean executive function, mean memory, and mean VS/VP scores were significantly lower in PD-MCI than both PD-nonMCI and HC (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected), with no significant differences between the latter. Head rotation was significantly lower in HC than both PD-nonMCI and PD-MCI (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected), with no significant differences between the latter.
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