Figure 2: A unit cell of three-dimensional negative index media and its S-parameters.

(a) Top, side and perspective views of a gold hemispherical shell; red dashed line indicates the constructing component, i.e., a C-shaped split-ring resonator. Further, the projective area on x-y plane of the shell could function as a metallic closed ring denoted by blue dashed circle. (b) Designed gold hemispherical shell and its dimensional parameters. The metallic semispherical shell is made of a 100-nm-thick gold (yellow part) with conductivity of 4.56 × 107 S/m and embedded in a 50-μm-thick lossy silicon substrate (grey part) with permittivity of 12 and conductivity of 8 S/m. (c) Simulated scattering parameters of the shell.