Figure 6: Schemas representing the evolution of RAVs focusing on known resistance-associated substitutions in the NS3 and NS5A regions.

The distribution patterns of seven resistance-associated alterations in amino acids (NS3-Q80, D168, NS5A-R30, L31, Q54, P58, and Y93) determined by third-generation sequencing platform are demonstrated. Schematic diagrams of pretreatment samples are shown in the left panels and those at treatment failure in the right panels. *White circle in Case#4 show the D168E caused by C504A nucleotide substitution, which was not detectable in the viral isolates at treatment failure.