Table 1 Geometric comparison between physical specimens (PS) and modified Dynamic Relaxation (mDR) results in mm.

From: Integrated Design and Simulation of Tunable, Multi-State Structures Fabricated Monolithically with Multi-Material 3D Printing

 

Unit Module (Fig. 6D,I)

Grid Conf. (Fig. 7A,G)

Retracted

Extended

7A

7G

PS

mDR

%

PS

mDR

%

PS

mDR

%

PS

mDR

%

l1

80.5

80.1

0.50

50.0

49.0

2.02

88.5

90.1

1.79

55.0

54.4

1.10

l2

64.0

64.7

1.09

64.0

63.5

0.78

—

—

—

—

—

—

h

16.5

16.7

1.20

30.5

29.9

1.99

48.0

49.8

3.68

62.0

63.9

3.02

  1. With the mDR simulation, the equilibrium states of the grid-based hierarchical designs are found when the total energy drops below ξ = 10−13 (Fig. 7D–F and J–L). This is achieved for each structure in under 1000 iterations. As shown in Table 1, mDR predicts the nodal coordinates within ±5 of both the square modules and the tiled grid structures.
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