Table 1 Possible target genes and their functions for two caste-associated miRNAs isolated from female larvae of Bombus terrestris.

Ecdysone-induced protein 75 (E75)

XM_003398942.2

Antimicrobial humoral response, Ecdysis, Molting cycle, Regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process, regulation of gene expression, regulation glucose metabolic processes, response to ecdysone

Ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase (EphR), transcript variant X12

XM_012315751.1

Melanotic encapsulation of foreign target, Mushroom body development, Peripheral nervous system development, Regulation of glucose metabolic process

Vacuolar protein sorting 13B (Vps13B)-like

XM_012317130.1

Protein targeting to the vacuole

Lysine-specific demethylase (lid)

XM_003393890.2

Chromatin organization, Gene silencing, Heterochromatin organization, Histone H3-K4 demethylation, Imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification, Oogenesis, Positive regulation of methylation-dependent chromatin silencing, Regulation of Notch signaling pathway

Ferredoxin (fdxh)

XM_003393566.2

Positive regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic processes, Pupariation

Parvulin prolyl isomerase 1 (parv 1)

XM_003397622.2

Epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) pathway

Roughened (R)

XM_003397072.2

Adherens junction assembly, Cell adhesion, Dorsal closure, Establishment of ommatidial planar polarity, Germ-line stem cell population maintenance, Hemocyte migration, Positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion, Rap protein signal transduction, Regulation of cell shape, Regulation of embryonic cell shape, Substrate-dependent cell migration, Cell extension

RNA-dependent helicase p7

XM_003397280.2

RNA helicase

Translationally controlled tumor protein (Tctp)

XM_003397970.2

Cellular response to gamma radiation, Double-strand break repair, Intra-S DNA damage checkpoint, Mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint, Positive regulation of cell size, Positive regulation of histone phosphorylation, Positive regulation of multicellular organism growth

No extended memory (nemy)

XM_012312185.1

Imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis, Locomotory behaviour, Memory

Distal-less (DII)

XM_012315363.1

Antennal development, determination of ventral identity, imaginal disc-derived appendage morphogenesis, imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis, imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis, leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation, mushroom body development, negative regulation of gene expression, olfactory behaviour, factory nerve development, positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated, proboscis development, specification of organ identity

Gish casein kinase gilgamesh

XM_003393759.2

Glial cell migration, negative regulation of actin nucleation, olfactory learning, ommatidial rotation, protein phosphorylation, regulation of endocytic recycling, regulation of establishment of planar polarity, response to mechanical stimulus, sensory perception of pain, sperm individualization, spermatogenesis, Wnt signaling pathway

beta4GalNAcTA beta 1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase A

XM_003402833.2

Adult locomotory behaviour, glycolipid biosynthetic process, glycosphingolipid biosynthetic process, N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process, neuromuscular junction development, sperm individualization

Baboon (babo)

XM_012318461.1

Activin receptor signaling pathway, axon guidance, determination of adult lifespan, eye-antennal disc morphogenesis, imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis, mushroom body development, negative regulation of autophagy, neuroblast proliferation, neuron development, positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway,positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation, regulation of glucose metabolic process, regulation of mitotic cell, response to UV

RNA-dependent helicase p72

XM_003397280.2

RNA helicase