Table 1 Physico-chemical parameters of Al-Cu alloy and applied solidification parameters in numerical simulations2,45.
Melting point of Al, TM | 934.00 K |
Solute partition coefficient, k | 0.14 |
Initial concentration, c0 | 4 wt.% Cu |
Liquidus slope, m | −2.65 |
Solute diffusion coefficient in liquid, Dl | 2.4 × 10−5 cm2/s |
Gibbs-Thomson coefficient, Γ | 2.36 × 10−5 cm·K |
Surface energy anisotropy strength, ε4 | 0.05 |
Interface width parameter, ξ | 10 |
Kinematic viscosity of the liquid phase, νl | 5.0 × 10−3 cm2/s |
Kinematic viscosity of the solid phase, νs | 5.0 × 103 cm2/s |
Density of the liquid phase, ρl | 2.45 g/cm3 |
Density of the solid phase, ρs | 2.7 g/cm3 |
Solutal expansion coefficient, αs | 9.2 × 10−3/wt.% |
Gravitational acceleration, g | −1000 cm/s2 |
Initial radius of the seed, r0 | 2.14 μm |
Dimensionless solute super-saturation, Ω | 0.2 |
Dimensionless time step, Δt/τ | 0.05 |
Dimensionless minimum mesh spacing, Δx/W0 | ~0.6 |
