Figure 3: Effects of human SBNO1 and SBNO1 mutants on transcription and preimplantation development.

(a) DExH box, disorder region with two nuclear localization signals (NLS), coiled-coil, helicase-C domains and cysteine cluster in human SBNO1 are indicated. Seven conserved motifs (I to VI) were found in the DExH box and helicase-C domains. Deletion and E437Q mutants of hSBNO1 used in Gal4-luciferase assays are shown. (b) Transcriptional activation profiles of the full length, deletion and E437Q mutants were obtained by Gal4-luciferase assays in 293 T cells. Gal4-hSBNO1 acted as a robust transcriptional activator. The N-terminal region of hSBNO1 retained its activator function, whereas the middle and C-terminal regions did not convey activity and produced a repressive effect. Note that the E437Q mutant completely lost activity on transcription. All data are presented as means ± SD. (c-g) mRNA injection of GFP-hSBNO1-E437Q to zygotes resulted in developmental arrest and Cdx2 reduction after 3days culture, on the other hand, embryos showed little effect by GFP-hSBNO1-Wt mRNA injection.