Figure 2: Effect of TFV and ADV on mitochondrial and glycolytic function in HK-2 cells. | Scientific Reports

Figure 2: Effect of TFV and ADV on mitochondrial and glycolytic function in HK-2 cells.

From: Tenofovir and adefovir down-regulate mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 and succinate dehydrogenase subunit B to metabolically reprogram glucose metabolism and induce nephrotoxicity

Figure 2

(a) HK-2 cells were treated as previously described for measuring mitochondrial membrane permeability. The cells were stained with JC-1. Red (JC-1 aggregate)/green (JC-1 monomer) fluorescence intensity represents the potential alteration of mitochondria membrane. (b) After 2-day treatments, cells were measured by the mitochondrial stress test kit to determine the oxygen consumption rate. Representative mean OCR traces at baseline following injections of reagents. (c) Maximum respiration were calculated from the mean OCRs. (d) Glycolysis stress test was used to measure glycolytic function of HK-2. Representative mean ECAR traces at baseline following injections of reagents. (e) Glycolytic capacity were calculated from the mean ECARs. (f) ATP levels in HK-2 cells by ATP determination assay. (g) ADP and AMP levels in HK-2 cells treated by TFV and ADV at 1000 μM were measured by metabolomic assay. (h) Representative electron micrographs of HK-2 cells treated with or without TFV and ADV. TFV and ADV treatments caused irregular mitochondrial shape and fragmented cristae (yellow arrows) (original magnification 60000x, marker indicates 500 nm). Values are presented as means ± SEM (N = 3, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs control).

Back to article page