Figure 6: Effects of TDF and DPADV administration for 16-week on mouse kidney.

(a) Creatinine levels and (b) creatinine clearance calculation in serum of mice after TDF and DPADV treatments. (c) Blood urea nitrogen and (d) uric acid levels were detected in urine. (e) Representative histopathology of kidney tissue was assessed by H&E, masson’s trichrome and PAS staining. Tubular vacuolization (green arrows), anilin blue fibrosis (yellow arrows) and dark purple brush border loss and abnormal glycogen aggregation (blue arrows) were shown. The magnification is 40× and the scale bar represents 20 μm. (f) Real-time PCR for mRNA expression of Ssbp1 and Twinkle in kidney of mice. (g) Western blot analysis of Ssbp1 and Twinkle with β-tubulin as internal control. (h) Real-time PCR and (i) western blot analysis for Trap1 and Sdhb levels. The cropped blots are displayed and full-length blots are presented in Supplementary Fig. 2. Values are presented as means ± SEM (N = 5, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs control).