Figure 7: Central insulin signaling in STZ-injected mice.

Hippocampal proteins from 7–9 months-old mice were probed with the following antibodies: 1. pIR, 2. IR, 3. pIGF1 Rc, 4. IGF1 Rc, 5. pPI3K, 6. PI3K, 7. pAKT, 8. AKT. Two lanes from representative immunoblots are displayed for each condition. Dividing lines represent areas where lanes from the same blot were removed and the remaining lanes were spliced together. Quantifications of phosphoepitopes were normalized to total form of respective protein. Total protein expression was quantified vs. β-actin. Results are expressed as percentage of control group (CTL). Data are mean ± SD. Asterisks indicate significant differences from controls, with *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01. Data from pIGF-1 Rc, IGF-1 Rc, pPI3K, PI3K and AKT following a normal distribution were analyzed with one-way ANOVA of variance followed by a Bonferroni’s post hoc test, while Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Dunn’s post hoc test was used for pIR, IR and pAKT analysis since data deviated from a normal distribution.