Table 1 Clinical characteristics of 1765 patients in the development cohort and 1728 patients in the validation cohort classified by mortality status.
Characteristics | Development cohort | Validation cohort | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Survivors | Deceased | Survivors | Deceased | |
Number of patients | 1592 | 173 | 1593 | 135 |
Number of man (%) | 716 (45.0) | 98 (56.6)* | 704 (44.2) | 65 (48.1) |
Age (years) | 68 [55, 80] | 71 [59, 81] | 64 [51, 77] | 74 [60, 83]** |
Pulse (per min) | 90 [79, 103] | 100 [83, 115]** | 87 [78, 101] | 100 [85, 112]** |
Body temperature (oC) | 37.1 [37.0, 37.7] | 37.3 [37.0, 38.1]* | 37.0 [37.0, 37.5] | 37.0 [37.0, 37.5] |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 139 [120, 159] | 131 [110, 158]* | 135 [120, 150] | 130 [104, 150]** |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 [70, 90] | 78 [63, 90] | 80 [70, 90] | 75 [61, 88]* |
Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 22 [20, 26] | 26 [22, 30]** | 22 [20, 24] | 24 [20, 26]** |
Peripheral oxygen saturation (%) | 97 [94, 99] | 94 [87, 97]** | 99 [97, 99] | 96 [90, 99]** |
Duration of illness (days) | 1 [0, 3] | 1 [0, 2] | 0 [0, 2] | 0 [0, 2] |
Glasgow Coma Score | 15 [15, 15] | 15 [10, 15]** | 15 [15, 15] | 15 [15, 15]** |
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 1 (0.1) | 3 (1.7)* | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.5)* |
Mechanical ventilation (n; %) | 14 (0.9) | 25 (14.5)** | 5 (0.3) | 8 (5.9)** |
Admitted intensive care unit (n; %) | 32 (2.0) | 63 (36.4)** | 40 (2.5) | 31 (23.0)** |
Functional status | ||||
Independent (n; %) | 1373 (86.2) | 138 (79.8)* | 1346 (84.5) | 97 (71.9)** |
Partially dependent (n; %) | 164 (10.3) | 21 (12.1) | 184 (11.6) | 23 (17.0) |
Completely dependent (n; %) | 55 (3.5) | 14 (8.1) | 63 (4.0) | 15 (11.1) |
Length of stay (days) | 7 [4, 10] | 3 [1, 8]** | 5 [3, 7] | 5 [2, 10] |
Immunocompromised by agent (n; %) | 28 (1.8) | 4 (2.3) | 5 (0.3) | 1 (0.7) |
Lymphoma (n; %) | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Leukemia or myeloma (n; %) | 8 (0.5) | 3 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) |
Cancer (n; %) | 18 (1.1) | 5 (2.9) | 9 (0.6) | 3 (2.2) |
Chronic renal failure (n; %) | 67 (4.2) | 10 (5.8) | 56 (3.5) | 11 (8.1)* |
Chronic respiratory failure (n; %) | 88 (5.5) | 19 (11.0)* | 135 (8.5) | 19 (14.1)* |
Cirrhosis with ascites (n; %) | 44 (2.8) | 10 (5.8)* | 38 (2.4) | 7 (5.2) |
Heart failure (n; %) | 87 (5.5) | 24 (13.9)** | 272 (17.1) | 35 (25.9)* |
Diabetes mellitus (n; %) | 539 (33.9) | 75 (43.4)* | 206 (12.9) | 16 (11.9) |
Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.3 [10.7, 13.6] | 12.0 [9.9, 13.4]* | — | — |
Leukocyte (x 103/μL) | 9.2 [7.2, 12.4] | 11.7 [8.5, 16.0]** | — | — |
Platelet (x 103/ μL) | 222 [171, 277] | 203 [117, 258]** | — | — |
Serum urea (mmol/L) | 5.7 [4.2, 8.2] | 7.9 [5.0, 13.7]** | 5.1 [3.7, 7.3] | 7.2 [4.6, 11.7]** |
Glycaemia (mmol/L) | 6.2 [5.3, 7.9] | 7.4 [5.8, 10.2]** | 6.5 [5.5, 8.3] | 7.1 [5.9, 9.3]* |
Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 94 [79, 118] | 112 [91, 158]** | 100 [84, 122] | 123 [89, 170]** |
Serum albumin (g/L) | 38 [34, 42] | 34 [29, 40]** | 40 [36, 44] | 35 [28, 39]** |
AST (UI/L) | 27 [21, 41] | 42 [26, 90]** | — | — |
ALT (UI/L) | 21 [14, 35] | 26 [17, 47]** | 19 [13, 30] | 23 [14, 45]* |
hsCRP (mg/dL) | 0.5 [0.1, 3.0] | 1.5 [0.4, 7.9]** | 0.6 [0.2, 2.6] | 2.6 [0.7, 9.5]** |
A1c (%) | 5.9 [5.4, 6.7] | 6.3 [5.6, 7.2]** | — | — |
