Table 1 Patient background characteristics, treatment regimens, and key outcomes.

From: HbA1c level cannot predict the treatment outcome of smear-positive non-multi-drug-resistant HIV-negative pulmonary tuberculosis inpatients

 

All patients (N = 239)

HbA1c quartile

1st (N = 58)

2nd (N = 62)

3rd (N = 56)

4th (N = 63)

p

Age (years)

73 (51–82)

68 (36–81)

64 (42–81)

81 (74–84)

70 (58–80)

0.015

Sex (female)

92 (38%)

24 (41%)

23 (37%)

25 (45%)

20 (32%)

0.427

Cavity on X-ray

111 (46%)

27 (47%)

28 (45%)

21 (38%)

35 (56%)

0.461

Bilateral infiltration on X-ray

178 (74%)

38 (66%)

53 (85%)

43 (77%)

44 (70%)

0.926

Smear on admission (0.5, 1, 2, or 3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

0.154

Smear on admission ≥2

158 (66%)

37 (64%)

40 (65%)

36 (64%)

45 (71%)

0.395

Previous history of TB treatment

26 (11%)

10 (17%)

5 (8%)

9 (16%)

2 (3%)

0.052

Extra-pulmonary pulmonary TB

29 (12%)

6 (10%)

6 (10%)

7 (13%)

10 (16%)

0.296

Diabetes

70 (29%)

5 (9%)

7 (11%)

8 (14%)

50 (79%)

 <0.001

Insulin before admission

9 (4%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

9 (14%)

 <0.001

Immunosuppression

27 (11%)

3 (5%)

10 (16%)

7 (13%)

7 (11%)

0.467

Chronic cardiac disease

41 (17%)

7 (12%)

6 (10%)

15 (27%)

13 (21%)

0.053

Chronic pulmonary disease

29 (12%)

11 (19%)

5 (8%)

9 (16%)

4 (6%)

0.110

Chronic liver disease

23 (10%)

7 (12%)

6 (10%)

4 (7%)

6 (10%)

0.568

Chronic renal disease

25 (10%)

7 (12%)

6 (10%)

3 (5%)

9 (14%)

0.848

Active malignancy

23 (10%)

8 (14%)

5 (8%)

4 (7%)

6 (10%)

0.443

Total protein (g/dL)

6.6 (5.9–7.2)

6.8 (6.1–7.4)

6.8 (6.1–7.4)

6.4 (5.4–7.1)

6.5 (5.7–7.2)

0.041

Albumin (g/dL)

2.8 (2.2–3.5)

3.15 (2.3–3.8)

3 (2.3–3.8)

2.5 (2.0–3.1)

2.7 (2.1–3.4)

0.005

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

11 (9.6–12.6)

10.6 (9.4–12.6)

11.4 (9.7–13.1)

10.8 (9.4–11.9)

11.1 (10.5–12.9)

0.109

Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/dL)

25 (19–43)

24 (18–39)

24 (19–36)

25 (22–35)

29 (18–49)

0.151

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.66 (0.52–0.93)

0.65 (0.47–0.96)

0.62 (0.47–0.71)

0.74 (0.54–0.93)

0.71 (0.56–0.96)

0.075

HbA1c (%)

5.9 (5.6–6.6)

5.3 (5–5.5)

5.8 (5.7–5.9)

6.3 (6.1–6.4)

7.7 (7.1–9.9)

 <0.001

Glucose (mg/dL)

109 (96–133)

101 (93–115)

108 (92–126.75)

107 (97–120)

149 (112–221)

 <0.001

Treatment regimen

     

0.944

 HRZE

155 (65%)

39 (67%)

41 (66%)

30 (54%)

45 (71%)

 

 HRE

84 (35%)

19 (33%)

21 (34%)

26 (46%)

18 (29%)

 

Insulin after admission

32 (13%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

32 (51%)

 <0.001

Outcomes

 Duration of hospital course (day)

65 (IQR:39–95)

60 (IQR:38–91)

58 (IQR:31–91)

73 (IQR:34–94)

74 (IQR:49–105)

0.107

 Discharged alive

193 (81%)

48 (83%)

51 (82%)

39 (70%)

55 (87%)

0.899

 Died in-hospital

46 (19%)

10 (17%)

11 (18%)

17 (30%)

8 (13%)

0.899

 Becoming non-infective

206 (86%)

53 (91%)

52 (84%)

45 (80%)

56 (89%)

0.631

 Died before becoming non-infective

33 (14%)

5 (9%)

10 (16%)

11 (20%)

7 (11%)

0.631

  1. HRZE: isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. HRE: isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Median and interquartile range are presented for continuous variables. Numbers of patients and percentages were presented for binary variables.
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