Table 2 Demographics and descriptive RVP analysis for HC and AD groups, with ANCOVA and ROC analysis

From: Retinal vascular biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of Alzheimer’s disease

 

Healthy control

Alzheimer’s disease

P-value

FDR adj. P

ROC: AUC% (s.d.%)

Number of participants (N)

123

25

   

Age: years (mean (s.d.))

71.6 (5.6)

72.4 (7.5)

0.557a

  

Gender; Males: (N (%))

55 (45)

12 (48)

0.764b

  

Hypertension: (N (%))

44 (36)

11 (44)

0.439b

  

Diabetes: (N(%))

6 (5)

2 (8)

0.533b

  

History of Smoking: (N(%))

5 (4)

2 (8)

0.407b

  

APOE ε4 Carrier: (N (%))

38 (31)

14 (56)

0.019 b

  

CRVE (mean (s.d.))

182.7 (15.8)

169.7 (15.3)

0.000256c

0.0049 d

0.703 (0.067)

FDv (mean (s.d.))

1.210 (0.05)

1.171 (0.048)

0.000350c

0.0033 d

0.716 (0.074)

BSTDa (mean (s.d.))

4.101 (0.504)

4.538 (0.984)

0.00135c

0.0086 d

0.595 (0.070)

BSTDv (mean (s.d.))

3.983 (0.575)

4.433 (1.333)

0.00188c

0.0089 d

0.541 (0.081)

Num1stBv (mean (s.d.))

3.618 (1.052)

2.960 (1.136)

0.00560c

0.021 d

0.660 (0.121)

Num1stBa (mean (s.d.))

3.675 (1.075)

3.040 (0.978)

0.00710c

0.022 d

0.675 (0.142)

FDa (mean (s.d.))

1.235 (0.052)

1.201 (0.061)

0.00799c

0.021 d

0.644 (0.075)

CRAE (mean (s.d.)

129.1 (10.3)

122.9 (12.4)

0.0115c

0.027 d

0.612 (0.082)

AFa (mean (s.d.))

0.778 (0.086)

0.824 (0.081)

0.0176c

0.037 d

0.578 (0.081)

BCv (mean (s.d.))

1.253 (0.165)

1.347 (0.240)

0.0186c

0.035 d

0.556 (0.084)

Tortv ( × 10−5) (mean (s.d.))

7.660 (1.554)

6.952 (2.601)

0.0244c

0.042 d

0.706 (0.073)

AFv (mean (s.d.))

0.701 (0.097)

0.748 (0.095)

0.0301c

0.047 d

0.616 (0.074)

LDRa (mean (s.d.))

17.05 (7.87)

21.72 (9.55)

0.0333c

0.049 d

0.651 (0.068)

JEv (mean (s.d.))

−0.110 (0.378)

−0.272 (0.338)

0.0483c

0.066d

0.539 (0.074)

  1. Only RVPs that were significantly different between groups (P<0.05) in ANCOVA analysis are shown. Significant results after FDR adjustment shown in bold type.
  2. Classification accuracy of RVP parameters from ROC analysis, AUC (area under the curve): AUC=0.5 implies random separation of groups, AUC=1.0 implies perfect separation.
  3. Refer to Table 1 for a description of the retinal vascular parameters.APOE ε4 carrier status refers to carrier/non-carrier of an Apolipoprotein E e4 allele.
  4. aAnalysis of variance (ANOVA) for the continuous age demographic variable (P<0.05 considered significant).
  5. bχ2 test for categorical demographic variables (gender, hypertension, diabetes, smoking status and APOE ε4 carrier status) (P<0.05 considered significant).
  6. cP-value from ANCOVA analysis of differences between groups (including confounders).
  7. dANCOVA P-values adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR) (P<0.05 considered significant).
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