Figure 1
(a) Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep spectral power during the first hour of recovery (REC) after sleep deprivation (SD) expressed relative to the 24-h baseline (BL) (n=9 Nlgn1+/+, 13 Nlgn1+/−, 12 Nlgn1−/−). Differences between Nlgn1−/− and Nlgn1+/+ are highlighted by red (P≤0.05) and pink (P<0.1) symbols (also in c). (b) Slow wave (SW) density and properties averaged during light or dark periods of BL and REC. SW density was higher in Nlgn1−/− than in Nlgn1+/+ and Nlgn1+/− for the 12-h light (genotype: F2,24≥3.6, P<0.04), and was higher in REC than BL for the light period and lower in REC than BL for the dark period (condition: F1,34≥50.7, P<0.0001). Amplitude was higher in Nlgn1−/− than Nlgn1+/+ and Nlgn1+/− for both periods (genotype: F2,34≥3.8, P<0.03); and higher in REC than BL for the 12-h light, whereas lower in REC than BL for the 12-h dark (condition: F1,34≥5.3, P<0.03). Duration of positive phase and of negative phase was higher in REC than BL for both periods (condition: F2,34≥46.2, P<0.0001). For the 12-h light, slope was higher in REC than in BL only in Nlgn1−/− and Nlgn1+/− (interaction: F2,34≥3.2, P≤0.05). For the 12-h dark, slope was lower in REC compared with BL (condition: F1,34=66.5, P<0.0001) and higher in Nlgn1-/- than Nlgn1+/+ or Nlgn1+/- (genotype: F2,34=5.4, P<0.01). (c) Time course of SW properties averaged across equal intervals during BL and REC. During light periods, amplitude was higher in Nlgn1−/− than Nlgn1+/+ in the first six intervals of REC sleep as was slope for specific intervals (Interactions: F38,589≥2.3, P<0.03). During dark periods, Nlgn1−/− showed higher slope than Nlgn1+/+ and Nlgn1+/− (genotype: F2,31=4.6, P<0.02). All SW properties varied significantly with time, and SD is indicated by the black rectangle. (d) Decay of SW density, amplitude and slope between the first and the last intervals of REC light. The amplitude and slope decay was higher in Nlgn1−/− than Nlgn1+/− and Nlgn1+/+ (F2,31>6.6, P<0.01). Nlgn1: Neuroligin-1.
