Table 1 Studies included in the meta-analysis
From: Association of trauma exposure with proinflammatory activity: a transdiagnostic meta-analysis
Study | Total N | Group n (T/NT) | Country | Type of study (Sample name) | Risk of bias a | %F | Age (years) M (s.d.) | Sample type | Biomarkers included | Biomarkers excluded |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spitzer, et al.42 | 3047 | 1653/1394 | Germany | Population study (SHIP): T/NT | Low | 52 | 54 (15) | Serum | CRP | |
Baumert, et al.43 | 3012 | 1224/1788 | Germany | Population study (KORA): T/NT | Low | 52 | 56 (13) | Blood, N/S | CRP | IL-18 |
Cho, et al.44 | 2716 | (Regress.) | USA | Population study (CARDIA): ELA | Low | 55 | Range 18–30 | Plasma | IL-6, CRP | |
O'Donovan, et al.45 | 979 | (Regress.) | USA | Stable CVD: trauma | Low | 19 | 67 (11) | Serum | IL-6, TNF-α, CRP | Resistin |
Danese, et al.46 | 886 | 315/551 | New Zealand | Prospective birth cohort (Dunedin): ELA/no ELA | Low | 47 | All 32 years | Blood, N/S | CRP, fibrinogen | |
Slopen, et al. (C)28 | 822 | (Regress.) | USA | Population study, subsample (MIDUS)b: ELA | Low | 53 | 59 (12) | Serum | CRP, IL-6, fibrinogen | |
Bertone-Johnson, et al.47 | 700 | 452/248 | USA | Population study (Nurses' health study): ELA/no ELA | Low | 100 | 44 (5) | Plasma | IL-6, CRP | TNFR2 |
Rooks, et al.48 | 482 | 245/237 | USA | Population (VET twin registry)c: high/low ELA | Low | 0 | 55 (3) | Plasma | IL-6, CRP | |
Plantinga, et al.49 | 476 | 108/368 | USA | Population (VET twin registry)c: PTSD/no PTSD | Low | 0 | 56 (3) | Plasma | Fibrinogen | IL-6, CRPd |
Slopen, et al. (AA)28 | 177 | (Regress.) | USA | Population study (AA) (MIDUS+Mke.)e: ELA | Low | 67 | 54 (11) | Serum | CRP, IL-6, fibrinogen | |
Tietjen, et al.50 | 141 | 90/51 | USA | Migraine patients (+HC): ELA/no ELA | Moderate | 100 | 33 (7) | Blood, N/S | CRP, IL-6, TNF-α | Adiponectin, TGF-β |
Smith, et al.51 | 138 | 95/43 | USA | Primary care/GYN: 35 ELA+PTSD; 31 PTSD−ELA; 29 HC+ELA; 43 NTC | Moderate | 50 | 46 (11) | Plasma | IL-1β,IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α | IFN-α |
Blackmore, et al.52 | 137 | 50/80 | USA | Pregnant women: T/NT | Low | 100 | 25 (4) | Serum | IL-6, TNF-α | |
Gouin, et al.53 | 130 | 57/73 | USA | Dementia caregivers: ELA/no ELA | High | 82 | 65 (13) | Serum | IL-6, TNF-α, CRP | |
Guo, et al.54 | 100 | 50/50 | China | PTSD/NTC | High | 53 | 42 (13) | Serum | IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | |
Carpenter, et al.55 | 92 | 21/71 | USA | ELA/no ELA | Moderate | 51 | 31 (9) | Plasma | CRP | |
Gill, et al.56 | 77 | 53/24 | USA | 26 PTSD, current; 27 PTSD, recovery; 24 NTC | Low | 100 | 34 (8) | Plasma | IL-6, CRP | |
Danielson, et al.57 | 75 | 40/35 | Canada | Undergraduate students: current IPV/no current IPV | Moderate | 100 | 20 (2) | Plasma | IL-6, IL-10 | |
Cankaya, et al.58 | 75 | 64/11 | USA | Primary care: traumatic lossf/no loss | Low | 100 | ≥40 | Serum | IL-6 | IGF-1 |
Dennison, et al.59 | 72 | 24/48 | Ireland | Schizophrenia: 24 PSY+ELA; 16 PSY−ELA; 32 NTC | High | 54 | 37 (10) | Plasma | IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α | |
Tucker, et al.60 | 68 | 54/14 | USA | Hurricane or mixed trauma: T/NT | High | 35 | 36 (12) | Serum | IL-2, IL-6 | |
Hepgul, et al.61 | 63 | 25/38 | UK | First episode psychosis: 10 PSY+ELA; 15 HC+ELA; 18 PSY−ELA; 20 HC−ELA | High | 29 | 27 (2) | Plasma | CRP | |
Cohen, et al.62 | 61 | 48/13 | Israel | Prospective musculoskeletal injury: injured/NTC | Moderate | 28 | 35 (13) | Serum | IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | TGF-β |
Gola, et al.63 | 60 | 22/25 | Germany | PTSD±MDD/HC | Low | 55 | 31 (10) | Plasma | IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | MCP-1 |
Hoge, et al.64 | 56 | 28/28 | USA | PTSD/HC | Moderate | 50 | 41 (11) | Plasma | IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α | IL-1α, IL-5, IL-7, IL-13, IL-15, IFN-γ, IP-10+others |
Grassi-Oliveira, et al.32 | 49 | 30/19 (Regress.) | Brazil | MDD outpatients/HC: ELA regress. | Moderate | 100 | 38 (8) | Plasma | TNF-α | TNFR1, TNFR2 |
Maes, et al.65 | 45 | 13/32 | Belgium | PTSD/HC | High | 80 | 46 (8) | Serum | IL-6 | sIL-6r, sIL-1RA |
Janusek, et al.66 | 40 | (ELA regress.) | USA | Breast cancer | Low | 100 | 56 (9) | Plasma | IL-6 | |
Symes, et al.67 | 39 | 25/14 | USA | CVD: IPV/no IPV | High | 100 | 57 (NR) | Serum | IL-6, CRP, TNF-α | |
Spivak, et al.68 | 38 | 19/19 | Israel | PTSD/HC | Moderate | 0 | 29 (11) | Serum | IL-1β | sIL-2r |
Gill, et al.69 | 36 | 22/14 | USA | PTSD±MDD/NTC | Moderate | 42 | 36 (12) | Plasma | IL-6 | |
Groer, et al.70 | 31 | 15/16 | USA | Sexual assault crisis center: raped/HC | Moderate | 100 | Range 18–51 | Serum | IL-6 IL-10, CRP | IFN-γ |
Pace, et al.71 | 28 | 14/14 | USA | MDD+ELA/NTC | Moderate | 0 | 30 (9) | Plasma | IL-6 | |
Bonne, et al.72 | 26 | 15/11 | USA | PTSD/NTC | Moderate | 73 | 36 (12) | CSF | IL-6 | IGF-1 |
Baker, et al.73 | 19 | 11/8 | USA | PTSD/HC | High | 0 | 42 (9) | Plasma | IL-6 |
