Figure 1

An example mediation model, where variable X’s effects (APOE/TOMM40) on variable Y (cognitive ageing) can be either direct, or indirect via variable M (white matter integrity). Path a represents the effect of X on M, while path b represents the effect of M on Y, partialling out the effect of X. The direct effect of X on Y is represented by path c (adapted from Preacher and Hayes33).