Figure 1
From: Functional genomics indicate that schizophrenia may be an adult vascular-ischemic disorder
Localisations of candidate genes for schizophrenia from TDT studies within the energy-delivering pathway for synapses (adapted from Nave,22 Hamel28 and Drake and Iadecola23). The pathway encompasses perivascular nerves, microvessels, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, myelin and mitochondrial trafficking. Candidate genes are marked in red. Vasodilatation or vasoconstriction is indicated by + or − symbols, respectively. Noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin have a vasoconstrictory effect, whereas acetylcholine, GABA, glutamate, nitric oxide, shear stress and growth factors appear to promote vasodilatation. Mild ischemia induces reversible loss of dendritic spines and structure,29 impaired synaptic transmission (indicated by decreased amplitude of evoked potentials), anaerobic glycolysis and reduction of high-energy phosphates, such as ATP, phosphocreatine and i-LTP (reviewed in Di Filippo30and Heiss31). EP, evoked potentials; EPSP, excitatory postsynaptic potential; i-LTP, postischemic long-term potentiation; NO, nitric oxide; PSD, postsynaptic density; TDT, transmission disequilibrium test. References for localisations of genes are given in Supplementary Table S11.
