Table 1 Characteristics of each study included in this meta-analysis (N=11 151 participants)
Study name | Publication year | Study design | Sample size | % Caucasian | % Male | % Cessation (measurement method) | % A1/* genotype frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Noble et al.17 | 1994 | Cross-sectional survey | 172 | 100 | 53.7 | 66.9 (self-report) | 41.9 |
Bierut et al.20 | 2000 | Cross-sectional survey | 954 | 76 | 44.8 | 59.3 (self-report) | 36.6 |
Wu et al.21 | 2000 | Cross-sectional survey | 59 | 0 (100% Mexicans) | 78.0 | 40.7 (self-report) | 74.6 |
Wu et al.21 | 2000 | Cross-sectional survey | 72 | 0 (100% Africans) | 67.8 | 48.6 (self-report) | 62.5 |
Yoshida et al.46 | 2001 | Cross-sectional survey | 134 | 0 (100% Asians) | 46.7 | 42.5 (self-report) | 44.8 |
Hamajima et al.47 | 2002 | Cross-sectional survey | 359 | 0 (100% Asians) | 43.6 | 37.1 (self-report) | 59.9 |
Lerman et al.38 | 2003 | Prospective (treatment) | 425 | 100 | 46.2 | 11.3 (cotinine verified) | 42.4 |
Cinciripini et al.53 | 2004 | Prospective (treatment) | 134 | 91.8 | 49.3 | 15~20 (cotinine verified) | 43.3 |
Yudkin et al.36 | 2004 | Prospective (treatment) | 752 | 99.0 | 40.8 | 10.1 (cotinine/CO verified) | 41.2 |
Berlin et al.40 | 2005 | Prospective (treatment) | 595 | 85.0 | 48.0 | 10~20 (CO verified) | 41.3 |
Morton et al.15 | 2006 | Cross-sectional survey | 2123 | 88.8 | 50.0 | 50.1 (self-report) | 37.2 |
Swan et al.43 | 2007 | Prospective (treatment) | 323 | 100 | 37.5 | 33.1 (self-report) | 35.3 |
Ton et al.51 | 2007 | Prospective (treatment) | 586 | 93 | 0 (100% female) | 15.9 (cotinine verified) | 35.5 |
David et al.39 | 2007 | Prospective (treatment) | 291 | 100 | 48.8 | 16.8 (cotinine verified) | 44.3 |
Han et al.49 | 2008 | Prospective (treatment) | 225 | 0 (100% Asians) | 100 | 40 (CO verified) | 70.1 |
Wernicke et al.19 | 2009 | Cross-sectional survey | 129 | 100 | 50.4 | 37.2 (self-report) | 34.9 |
Munafo et al.41 | 2009 | Prospective (treatment) | 804 | 100 | 48 | 10.0 (cotinine verified) | 36.1 |
Styn et al.48 | 2009 | Prospective (non-treatment) | 881 | 90 | 48 | 24.9 (CO verified) | 32.5 |
Breitling et al.54 | 2010 | Prospective (treatment) | 562 | 90.1 | 48 | 9.6 (cotinine verified) | 32.7 |
Stapleton et al.52 | 2011 | Prospective (treatment) | 419 | 85.2 | 40.8 | 53.6 (CO verified) | 41.3 |
Wilcox et al.55 | 2011 | Prospective (treatment) | 76 | 100 | NA | 19.7 (CO verified) | 40.8 |
Tashkin et al.50 | 2012 | Prospective (treatment) | 621 | >95 | 63.3 | 46.9 (cotinine and CO verified) | 37.7 |
Gordiev et al.23 | 2013 | Cross-sectional survey | 359 | 100 | 65.6 | 43.7 (self-report) | 35.4 |
Ohmoto et al.22 | 2014 | Cross-sectional survey | 96 | 0 (100% Asians) | 91.7 | 21.9 (self-report) | 65.6 |
