Figure 1

Dynamic causal models (DCM) architecture for bipolar disorder (BD) patients, their resilient relatives and healthy individuals. (a) Base model for the face affect paradigm. The model comprises four brain areas specified with bidirectional endogenous connections between all regions (inferior occipital gyrus=IOG, fusiform gyrus=FG, amygdala=AMG, ventral prefrontal cortex=VPFC; all located in the right hemisphere) and with a driving input of ‘all faces’ into the IOG. (b) Base model for the working memory paradigm. An eight-area DCM was specified with bidirectional endogenous connections between all brain regions (lIOG, left IOG and rIOG, right IOG; lPAR, left PAR and rPAR, right PAR; lACC, left anterior cingulate cortex and rACC, right ACC; lDLPFC, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and rDLPFC, right DLPFC) in each hemisphere and lateral connections between homologous areas. Driving input of ‘1-, 2- and 3 -back’ modeled into the left and right IOG.