Table 1 Influence of low activity of tPA and/or protein S on schizophrenia features

From: Dysfunction in the coagulation system and schizophrenia

Low activity of tPA and/or protein S

Clinical comorbidity of schizophrenia

Biochemical features of schizophrenia

Cardiovascular risk

Hypercortisolemia

Thrombotic tendency

Elevated cytokine levels

Pregnancy complications

Hyperhomocysteinemia

Lower-than-expected risk of cancer

Hyperinsulinemia

Schizophrenia pathogenesis

Hypertriglyceridemia

Reduced neutrophil

Antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus

Abnormal NMDA receptor activation

anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies)

Dopaminergic hypothesis

Low free-protein S levels?

Adverse fetal environment

 
  1. Abbreviations: NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.