Figure 1

Prenatal serum and LPA exposure induces similar schizophrenia-like behavioral deficits in females. (a and b) Serum- and LPA-exposed adult mice displayed hypoactivity during an initial 30-min period. Amphetamine (AMPH) treatment completely ameliorated the hypoactivity in serum-exposed female mice, but not LPA-exposed female or male mice of either group. (c–e) PPI was significantly decreased in female serum- and LPA-treated mice at 100 dB compared with controls. Three prepulse tones (8, 12 and 18 dB) were assessed. (f and g) Female serum- and LPA-treated mice spent a decreased amount of time in the center of the open-field box over a 30-min period (f) and female serum-exposed mice spent significantly less time interacting with a sex- and strain-matched stranger mouse (g). For each experiment, data were collected simultaneously for vehicle, serum, LPA and serum+Ki treatment group (see Figure 2, Supplementary Figure S1, Supplementary Figure S3 and Supplementary Figure S4). n=7–17 per sex and group, mean±s.e.m., ^*P<0.05, ^***P<0.001. LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; NS, not significant; PPI, prepulse inhibition.