Table 1 Demographics, clinical variables and facial affect recognition performance for healthy male volunteers and cocaine-dependent men
Descriptive variables | Control group (N=29) | Cocaine group (N=29) | Group comparison | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Mean | s.d. | Mean | s.d. | t or F | P |
Age (years) | 36.8 | ±10.1 | 35.5 | ±8.7 | 0.53 | 0.599 |
Verbal IQ (NART score) | 115.2 | ±5.9 | 104.1 | ±9.9 | 5.12 | <0.001 |
Serum testosterone (nmol/L)a | 15.4 | ±5.0 | 11.8 | ±5.1 | 2.70 | 0.009 |
Serum cortisol (nmol/L)a | 282.3 | ±96.8 | 316.3 | ±146.0 | −1.03 | 0.306 |
Testosterone–cortisol ratio | 0.07 | ±0.04 | 0.04 | ±0.03 | 2.40 | 0.020 |
Dysphoric mood (BDI-II score) | 3.3 | ±4.1 | 19.8 | ±12.0 | −7.01 | <0.001 |
State anxiety (STAI score) | 28.8 | ±6.8 | 39.8 | ±14.4 | −3.69 | 0.001 |
Trait anxiety (STAI score) | 32.0 | ±8.5 | 47.2 | ±12.7 | −5.29 | <0.001 |
Facial identity recognition (performance score) | ||||||
 Benton test | 23.1 | ±1.9 | 22.6 | ±2.0 | 1.00 | 0.324 |
Facial expression recognition accuracy (% correct responses) | ||||||
 Happy | 97.8 | ±6.4 | 96.4 | ±7.5 | 0.57 | 0.455 |
 Surprise | 88.3 | ±13.3 | 87.9 | ±12.6 | 0.01 | 0.920 |
 Fear | 77.4 | ±15.5 | 60.9 | ±20.1 | 12.33 | 0.001 |
 Sad | 93.4 | ±12.3 | 89.1 | ±17.3 | 1.20 | 0.279 |
 Disgust | 72.9 | ±29.6 | 61.0 | ±32.8 | 2.10 | 0.152 |
 Anger | 80.0 | ±18.8 | 66.0 | ±24.2 | 6.03 | 0.017 |
Facial expression recognition latency (mean response time in seconds) | ||||||
 Happy | 1.45 | ±0.30 | 1.54 | ±0.61 | 0.55 | 0.462 |
 Surprise | 1.80 | ±0.51 | 2.03 | ±0.67 | 2.13 | 0.150 |
 Fear | 2.16 | ±0.84 | 2.29 | ±0.52 | 0.48 | 0.491 |
 Sad | 1.72 | ±0.49 | 1.91 | ±0.77 | 1.25 | 0.268 |
 Disgust | 1.97 | ±1.08 | 2.21 | ±1.09 | 0.73 | 0.398 |
 Anger | 2.14 | ±0.63 | 2.32 | ±0.66 | 1.13 | 0.292 |
