Table 4 Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the longitudinal association between serum IGF-1 in 2008 and new depression symptoms in 2012: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

	IGF-1 quintile (range) ^a					P-value for linearity	P-value for quadratic
	1	2	3	4	5
	(2–11)	(12–14)	(15–16)	(17–20)	(21–65)
Women (analytical sample)
Adjustments
Age (2343)	1 (ref)	0.88 (0.60, 1.29)	0.77 (0.51, 1.16)	0.84 (0.53, 1.35)	0.95 (0.60, 1.50)	0.647	0.027
Age, anthropometric measures^b (2276)	1	0.84 (0.57, 1.25)	0.76 (0.50, 1.16)	0.84 (0.52, 1.36)	0.93 (0.58, 1.48)	0.652	0.033
Age, co-morbidities^c (2342)	1	0.86 (0.58, 1.26)	0.77 (0.51, 1.16)	0.84 (0.53, 1.35)	0.94 (0.60, 1.49)	0.649	0.014
Age, psychosocial factors^d (2243)	1	0.9 (0.60, 1.34)	0.86 (0.56, 1.30)	0.9 (0.55, 1.45)	1.06 (0.66, 1.69)	0.816	0.026
Age, behavioural factors^e (2116)	1	0.91 (0.61, 1.35)	0.76 (0.49, 1.17)	0.86 (0.52, 1.40)	0.93 (0.58, 1.51)	0.915	0.029
Multiply adjusted (1969)	1	0.86 (0.56, 1.31)	0.78 (0.50, 1.23)	0.87 (0.52, 1.46)	0.94 (0.56, 1.57)	0.922	0.008
Men (analytical sample)
Adjustments
Age (2076)	1 (ref)	0.51 (0.28, 0.91)	0.5 (0.27, 0.92)	0.63 (0.35, 1.15)	0.63 (0.35, 1.13)	0.126	0.002
Age, anthropometric measures^b (2042)	1	0.51 (0.28, 0.94)	0.5 (0.27, 0.93)	0.66 (0.36, 1.20)	0.63 (0.34, 1.14)	0.142	0.002
Age, co-morbidities^c (2070)	1	0.52 (0.29, 0.94)	0.56 (0.24, 0.85)	0.64 (0.35, 1.16)	0.65 (0.36, 1.16)	0.098	0.002
Age, psychosocial factors^d (2031)	1	0.53 (0.29, 0.97)	0.54 (0.29, 0.99)	0.62 (0.33, 1.17)	0.68 (0.37, 1.24)	0.173	0.001
Age, behavioural factors^e (2076)	1	0.52 (0.27, 0.99)	0.49 (0.25, 0.96)	0.67 (0.35, 1.30)	0.58 (0.30, 1.11)	0.165	0.001
Multiply adjusted (1765)	1	0.51 (0.25, 1.02)	0.5 (0.22, 0.95)	0.67 (0.33, 1.33)	0.6 (0.30, 1.19)	0.072	0.003

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1.
^aIGF-1 units are nmol l⁻¹.
^bBMI, height.
^cCancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease.
^dOwn wealth quintile per benefit unit (unit is a couple or single person along with their dependent children), education level.
^eAlcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity.

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