Table 2 A comparison among the phenotypes of Li-treated mice, SMIT1 KO mice and IMPA1 KO mice

From: IP3 accumulation and/or inositol depletion: two downstream lithium’s effects that may mediate its behavioral and cellular changes

Measure

Li treatment

IMPA1 KO

SMIT1 KO

Brain inositol levels

Reduced

Unchanged

Reduced

Brain IP3 accumulation

Elevated

Elevated

Unchanged

Brain phosphoinositide levels

Decreased

Unchanged

Decreased

Autophagy

Enhanced

Enhanced

?

Pilocarpine-induced seizures

Hypersensitive

Hypersensitive

Hypersensitive

FST

Antidepressant-like behavior

Antidepressant-like behavior

Antidepressant-like behavior

Amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion

Attenuated

?

attenuated

  1. Abbreviations: FST, forced swim test; KO, knockout; Li, lithium.
  2. SMIT1 KO but not IMPA1 KO mice exhibited reduced brain inositol levels observed following Li treatment;29 both Li treatment and IMPA1 KO cause enhanced phosphoinositols accumulation (the present study), enhanced autophagy (the present study, and Sarkar et al.15), as well as hypersensitization to pilocarpine-induced seizures and an antidepressant-like effect in the FST;29 both Li-treated mice and SMIT1 KO mice exhibit decreased phosphoinositides labeling (the present study), and SMIT1 KO mice recapitulate the same Li-like behavior in pilocarpine-induced seizures and in the FST and demonstrate, similarly to Li-treated mice, an antimanic-like effect in the amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion paradigm (unpublished results and Bersudsky et al.39).
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