Figure 1

(a) Brain regions showing a significant negative correlation between military deployment and gray matter volume in left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC; MNI coordinates: x=−9, y=63, z=23; P<0.05, k=405, family-wise error and non-stationary smoothness corrected) and in bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; MNI coordinates: x=3, y=8, z=44; P<0.05, k=290) are shown in red. Structural reductions from a meta-analysis comparing patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)13 with controls are shown in blue. (b) The scatterplot depicts the correlation between the combined gray matter probability values of the two regions per individual and days of deployment. MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute.