Table 3 Evidence for inflammation of the brain
From: Atopic diseases and inflammation of the brain in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders
Brain |
Microglia activation |
Microglia proliferation |
IL-1β ↑ |
IL-6 ↑ |
IL-17 ↑ |
TNF ↑ |
Blood |
Auto-brain antibodies ↑ |
IL-1β ↑ |
IL-6 ↑ |
IL-17 ↑ |
TNF ↑ |
NF-κB ↑ |
Neonatal blood |
MCP-1 ↑ |
Midgestational blood |
Auto-brain antibodies ↑ |
IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ ↑ |
