Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of cognitively intact individuals with MDD and age-matched comparison subjects at baseline

From: Abnormality in glutamine–glutamate cycle in the cerebrospinal fluid of cognitively intact elderly individuals with major depressive disorder: a 3-year follow-up study

Characteristic

Comparison group (N=19)

MDD group (N=28)

Statistical analysis

   

t

df

P

Age (years)

68.1±7.3

66.5±5.4

0.835

45

0.41

Education (years)a

16.7±2.7

16.5±2.7

0.274

44

0.79

Body mass index

28.1±4.7

28.8±6.7

0.378

45

0.71

21-item HAM-D

1.2±1.9

14.9±8.8

8.02

45

<0.001

MMSE

29.5±0.5

29.8±0.6

1.56

45

0.13

Total recall rating

64.4±12.3

64.9±13.9

0.11

45

0.91

Delayed recall rating

8.5±2.8

9.5±2.5

1.258

45

0.22

Trail-Making Test score

 Part A

37.2±12.4

36.0±14.1

0.303

45

0.76

 Part B

80.3 ±31.5

86.1±23.2

0.737

45

0.47

Category fluency test

41.7±8.1

40.6±8.2

0.45

45

0.66

 

N (%)

N (%)

χ2

df

P

Diabetes

4 (21)

5 (18)

0.08

1

0.79

Female

12 (63)

10 (36)

2.41

1

0.12

Apolipoprotein ɛ level

 ɛ4

5 (26)

11 (39)

0.369

1

0.54

 ɛ2

6 (32)

7 (25)

0.03

1

0.87

Family history of Alzheimer's disease

6 (32)

3 (11)

3.3

1

0.07

 

pg ml −1

pg ml −1

t

df

P

Amyloid-β42

335.4±182.7

224.7±125.1

2.471

45

0.02

Amyloid-β40

6518.0±2687.0

5146.0±2369.0

1.845

45

0.07

Total tau proteinb

328.7±151.7

273.0±114.3

1.422

44

0.16

Phosphorylated tau protein

51.6±20.9

48.9±25.9

0.371

45

0.71

  1. Abbreviations: df, degrees of freedom; 21-item HAM-D, 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MDD, major depressive disorder; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination. Bold P-values indicate statistically significant.
  2. The data are mean±s.d. The data at baseline are from Pomara et al.26
  3. aData for one control subject were not available.
  4. bData for one MDD patient were not available.
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