Table 3 HAM-D score and CSF levels of amino acids and ratio in subjects at baseline and 3-year follow-up

From: Abnormality in glutamine–glutamate cycle in the cerebrospinal fluid of cognitively intact elderly individuals with major depressive disorder: a 3-year follow-up study

Characteristic

Baseline

Baseline

3-year follow-up

3-year follow-up

Analyses (P-values)

 

Comparison group (N=17)

MDD group (N=19)

Comparison group (N=17)

MDD group (N=19)

ME time

ME MDD

Interaction

21-item HAM-D

1.118±1.900

17.105±10.493

2.235±6.006

8.737±8.096

0.005

<0.001

<0.001

Glutamine

567.0±83.2

587.1±85.1

604.8±80.7

594.5±90.4

0.175

0.835

0.359

Glutamate

0.680±0.86

0.399±0.116

0.655±0.788

0.652±0.658

0.482

0.355

0.395

Glycine

13.30±6.18

11.96±2.79

13.2±4.51

13.37±5.20

0.456

0.668

0.388

l-Serine

25.8±5.68

23.23±5.69

25.0±5.66

25.4±7.79

0.564

0.537

0.207

d-Serine

1.76±0.40

1.75±0.45

1.80±0.41

1.91±0.49

0.09

0.717

0.315

Glutamine/glutamate

1221.98±472.7

1571.21±440.2

1311.06±463.9

1230.63±455.9

0.192

0.271

0.029

Glycine/l-serine

0.501±.147

0.536±0.153

0.546±0.208

0.535±0.128

0.467

0.787

0.454

d-Serine/l-serine

0.071±.021

0.078±0.021

0.074±0.018

0.079±0.021

0.277

0.41

0.673

  1. Abbreviations: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; 21 HAM-D, 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MDD, major depressive disorder; ME MDD, main effect of MDD status (depressed and controls); ME time, main effect of time (baseline and follow-up).
  2. The data are mean±s.d. The analysis method used was 2 × 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance. The bold values in the Analyses are statistically significant.
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