Figure 1

Study design. (a) Fourteen healthy, non-smoking, right-handed men were kept overnight onsite before their scheduled imaging sessions to ensure that that they had a good night rest (rested wakefulness (RW) session) or they did not sleep during the night (sleep deprivation (SD) session). All the subjects underwent [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography (PET) to assess D2/D3R in the striatum and 4-Tesla blood-oxygenation-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) to map brain activation to a visual attention (VA) task during RW and during SD. (b) The parametric VA task had a blocked design in which subjects either tracked 2, 3 or 4 balls out of 10 moving balls (task epochs) or viewed them passively (rest epochs).