Table 2 Differentially methylated genes validated by targeted sequencing

AKT1

Chr14:

105262368 (TSS−287)

105262438 (TSS−357)

105262494 (TSS−413)

Associated network is vulnerable to stress-induced anxiety and depression, major comorbidities of PTSD^{25, 26}

BDNF

Chr11: 27744245 (TSS−639)

BDNF expression was high in human PTSD serum²⁷ and low in PTSD plasma samples.²⁸ However, the plasma result was not validated in a subsequent study²⁹

CNR1

Chr6:

88876636 (TSS−868)

88876636 (TSS−1067)

PTSD is significantly associated with SNP haplotype (for C-A and C-G) of CNR1³⁰

CREB1

Chr2: 208394337 (TSS+277)

Altered the gene expressions of CREB family occurred in PTSD patients’ monocytes³¹

DMRTA2

Chr1: 50890130 (TSS−1010)

—

EFS

Chr14: 23835035 (TSS−192)

—

ELK1

ChrX: 47510240 (TSS−236)

—

ETS-2

Chr21:

40177278 (TSS+47)

40177531 (TSS+222)

ETS-2 gene family is responsible for growth control, transformation and developmental programs that influence telomere shift and premature aging. Both complications are PTSD-associated³²

GATA3

Chr10: 8096093 (TSS+226876)

—

HES4

Chr1:

936030 (TSS−477)

936301 (TSS−748)

—

LHX1

Chr17: 35292083 (TSS+2687)

—

MET

Chr7:

116311962 (TSS+495)

116312201 (TSS+256)

—

NFATC4

Chr14

24836169 (TSS+24)

24836183 (TSS+38)

24836217 (TSS+72)

This is an immune-associated gene

NR2E1

Chr6:

198486189 (TSS+1024)

198486237 (TSS+976)

NR2E1 deletion produces a highly aggressive phenotype³³

PAX5

Chr9: 37036906 (TSS−2429)

—

PDGFB

Chr22:

39638278 (TSS−1363)

39638353 (TSS−1438)

39638364 (TSS−1449)

—

PSD

Chr10:

104178908 (TSS−6)

104178910 (TSS−8)

104178916 (TSS−14)

104178930 (TSS−28)

104178932 (TSS−30)

—

PTTG1IP

Chr21: 46294077 (TSS−258)

—

TRERF1

Chr6: 42420444 (TSS−660)

—