Figure 1
From: Brain antibodies in the cortex and blood of people with schizophrenia and controls
Endogenous IgG antibodies are present in low (a, b), medium (d, e) and high levels of (g, h) intensity in both the white (a, d, g) and gray matter (b, e and h) of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of people with schizophrenia (rabbit anti-human IgG (a, b, d, and e)) and healthy controls (anti-human IgG (g, h)). No obvious qualitative differences were seen between diagnostic groups. IgG antibodies were also detected in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of perfused Rhesus macaques (mouse anti-monkey IgG (c, f, and i)). Arrowheads indicate the extent of IgG signal surrounding blood vessels (closed arrowheads a - i). Images taken with a 20x objective. Colocalization of endogenous IgG (goat anti-human IgG; open arrows, red (j and n) pink (m and q),) surrounding blood vessels (rabbit anti-collagen IV; closed arrowheads; blue (k, m, o, and q)) and neurons (mouse anti-NeuN; arrow demarcate some cell bodies, green (l, m, p, and q)) in the orbitofrontal cortex of healthy controls (j, k, l, and m) and people with schizophrenia (n, o, p, and q). Despite no colocalization of endogenous IgG with neuronal cell bodies, the diffusing halo (open arrows) from blood vessels overlaps with processes of some neurons. Scale bars are 50 μm. Images were subjected to blind spectral unmixing and taken with a 40x objective.
