Figure 2
From: Anterior cingulate cortex γ-aminobutyric acid deficits in youth with depression
GABA/W group differences and clinical correlations. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for age, sex, ethnicity and cerebrospinal fluid in the voxel of interest compared GABA levels between groups (α=0.05). (a) Newly recruited sample: GABA/W in MDD and HC. GABA/W was significantly lower (P=0.003) in MDD compared to HC. (b) Combined sample: GABA/W in MDD and HC. GABA/W was significantly lower (P=0.003) in MDD compared to HC. (c) Combined sample: GABA/W in anhedonic MDD, non-anhedonic MDD, and HC. A Sidak correction for multiple comparisons was utilized for the three-group comparison. GABA/W was significantly lower in the anhedonic MDD subgroup compared to HC (P=0.002). Differences between the MDD subgroups (P=0.19), as well as between the non-anhedonic MDD subgroup and HC were not significant (P=0.21). (d) Combined sample: partial correlation between GABA/W and anhedonia (controlling for depression severity) in MDD (r=−0.33, P=0.03) was significant (44 MDD). (e) Newly recruited sample: partial correlation between GABA/W and anhedonia (controlling for depression severity) in MDD (r=−0.06, P=0.79) was not significant (24 MDD).
