Figure 1
From: Modeling anorexia nervosa: transcriptional insights from human iPSC-derived neurons

Generation and characterization of iPSCs from AN patients. (a) Patient profile summary. (b) Schematic view and representative images showing the morphological changes observed during the primary fibroblast cell reprogramming, neural induction and differentiation processes. Scale bars represent 200 μm. (c) Representative immunofluorescence images illustrating the expression of pluripotency markers in the generated iPSCs, including OCT4, NANOG, TRA-1–60 and LIN28. Scale bar represents 100 μm. (d) Representative images of G-banding karyotype analysis from cell chromosomes demonstrating the genetic stability of iPSCs; no karyotypic abnormalities were induced by the reprogramming process. (e) Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin staining of teratomas derived from iPSCs showing tissues from the three germ layers. Scale bar represents 100 μm. (f) Expression of pluripotency and three germ layer markers in iPSCs and EBs, respectively, assessed by RT-PCR (OCT4, NANOG and LIN28—pluripotency; AFP—endoderm; MSX1—mesoderm; PAX6—ectorderm). The H9-hESC was used as a control for pluripotency and differentiation capability; B2M was used as reference gene. (g) Cluster analysis showing correlation coefficients of RNA-seq transcripts from iPSCs and hESC, and a distinguished gene expression profile from primary fibroblast cells (FIBRO). A panel of human pluripotency-related genes (isoform level; Supplementary Table S3) was considered. (h) Heatmap and hierarchical clustering-based dendrogram of hESC, iPSCs and fibroblasts for AN and control samples. Considering the entire cellular transcriptome expression profile of evaluated cells, two subgroups were identified: iPSCs, with a molecular signature similar to that exhibited by hESCs, and fibroblasts with a completely different expression profile. In g and h, colors indicate the range of each gene’s expression, with least expression shown in red and highest expression shown in green. AN, anorexia nervosa; anxiety, patient showed/treated for anxiety; CTL, control (unaffected individual); famhx-ED, first, second or third degree relative with a history of an eating disorder; fi, fibroblast; iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell; MDD, major depressive disorder; neu, neurons; NPC, neural progenitor cell; OCD, obsessive compulsive disorder; psychotropic, patient was prescribed at least one psychotropic medication.